Basic Introduction to Statistical Study

Assalamu'alaikum,

Recently I made a basic intro to statistical study, which is the subject that I took on my final sem in IIIUM last year. It is the subject that I enjoy much. Even though my "assignment" wasn't finished yet, I still give it to my previous statistic's lecturer, Bro Ayub, and he said that it is quite a good explanation towards the subject. Therefor I would like to share my work here. It is based on IIUM's Statistic for Islamic Studies' guideline.

BASIC GUIDE FOR BEGINERS ON STATISTIC STUDY.

· Introduction

Statistic is a study or researches that use to collect, organize, analyze and interpret data. The data is collected to explains or make a survey and experiment on certain things that a researchers are interested in.

F.J. Grovetter define statistic as, “A set of mathematical method for organizing, summarizing and interpreting method.”

The most easiest and classical way to collect data, to count or measure the variable is by using Tally System.

How to collect data? One of the simple ways is by using Tally System as shown below

1st year Students I = 1 2nd year Students II = 2 3rd year Students IIII I = 6 4th year Students IIII III = 7

Statistic divided into two types, Descriptive Statistic and Inferential/Correlation Statistic.

1. Descriptive Statistic

As define by its name, it is use to describe the measurement or the POPULATION. Descriptive Statistic are statistical methods that are use to organizing, summarizing and simplify the data to describe the population. In Descriptive Statistic, it is important to have frequency(F) and percentage(%).

POPULATION is the number of respondents that we targeted to achieve the quantity of our research, where we just take a few people, e.g. 300 people, to represent or describe the 3000 people.

To describe the findings, we have to have opening sentences, numbers and title. In the description, we have to describe and mention from the highest percentage first. And to conclude, we have to mentioning the quantity.

Quantity Table Guide

100% = All

80% = Majority

75% = Three-Quarter

66% = Two-Third

50% = Half

33% = One-Third

20% = One-Fifth

10% = Minority/One-Tenth

For an example, after we collecting the survey as in the previous example of Tally System, we have to make a table, and named the table.

Year Of Studies	Frequency (F)	%
1st Year	1	5.8
2nd Year	2	11.8
3rd Year	6	35.3
4th Year	8	47.1
Total	17	100

Table 1: Year of Study of the Respondents

The table above shows the research of year of studies of the respondents, where 47.1% were 4^th year students (8 people). Followed by 35.3% who were the 3^rd year students (6 people), 11.8% 2^nd year students (2people) and 5.8% 1^st year student (1 people).

In conclusion, nearly half of the students were in their 4^th year of studies.

There are many other ways to describe the table above; it is depending on one’s talent in writings. You can even put outside source that related with the tables that you are trying to describe. But make sure that it would not change the information that the tables try to tell.

1. Inferential/Correlation Statistic

Inferential/Correlation Statistic are techniques that allowed us to study samples and then make generalizations about the populations. This type of statistic can also be known as Relationship Statistic. This is because, in this type of statistic research, we have to make hypotheses that have relation, for example: speed of driving is influencing the time of arrival, relationship between speed and time.

Inferential/Correlation Statistic are too detailed to be explained; therefore, here I will explain some basic step by step introduction toward knowing what Inferential/Correlation Statistic is about, because most of it need practical workout to explained which I will not be able to describe in this simple guide.

Things that we need to know:

1) Respondents : Population and Sample

2) Data : Constant and Variable

3) Variables : Independent Variables (IV) and Dependent Variable (DV)

4) X Y : Correlation

· Respondents

1. Population as mentioned previously is the number of respondents that we targeted to achieve the quantity of our research, where we just take a few people, e.g. 300 people, to represent or describe the 3000 people.

2. Sample is just like population, but sample stress more on quality of the research rather than the quantity.

· Data

1. Constant means static, where it is a characteristic or condition that does not vary but is the same for every person. This is where we make a study or research on a static or specific topic, for example: Study on MALE in IIUM. Here our target group will be only male, where there is no other concentration to be given except towards male only.

2. Variable means variety, where it is a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values between one another. This is where the study or research will be so wide which can include most everything. For example: Study on usage of toilet in KLCC. This study is so wide where it is so variable which include such as male, female, Malaysian, non-Malaysian and etc in this study.

Both of this data can and better if combine together, for example: Study on the growth of Durian. Growth here is variable which consist the different level or step of the growth process, and Durian is constant where we are only concentrating on Durian’s level of growth only.

· Variable

1. Independent Variable (IV) is the variable that is manipulated by researchers and assume as the cause.

That's all for now as I have not finish the "assignment" yet. I hope you can gain a little knowledge from what I wanted to share..

Wassalam..

Mr. EmmetT